Not only they choose the most energy-dense cell available, but they improved it and developed the battery pack to fits its vehicles reaching above 610 Kms of range for their higher end versions.
Tesla uses NCA chemistry (and to my knowledge is the only EV manufacturer to do so).
This stands for Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminium (LiNiCoAlO2) which is the lightest and most enduring combination, so far. Built by Panasonic, todays top end batteries are fitted in Tesla Model 3 and the same pack will power homes, and future Tesla models.
A few numbers now to bust the Myth :
- A Model 3 pack is made of 21700 cells, and totals :
- 80% of Nickel, 15% of Cobalt and 5 % Aluminum. Lithium ? As per Elon Musk quote : " it is like salt on salad", almost nothing.
- 100% of this Nickel is reusable at the end of the battery lifetime.
- Nickel as well as other materials can be sourced without mining: There are solutions, known for decades, like "farming", "phytomining"... You can "grow" Nickel using plants like "Alyssum murale" capable of producing naturally 100Kg of Nickel / ha ( or per 2,5 acre) :
Same is true for Cobalt, it can be taken out of plants.
Sources :
http://www.nancy.inra.fr/Toutes-les-actualites/Des-plantes-pour-l-extraction-des-metaux
https://patents.google.com/patent/US6786948B1/en
The energy density has improved from model S and is now about 160 Wh/kg in the Model 3, at cell level, and Tesla goal in terms of cost is to reach less than $100/kWh.
Last interesting info : Tesla now claim to have a battery that can last a million miles :
https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-may-soon-have-a-battery-that-can-last-a-million-miles/
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